Coolie: The Backbone of Indian Railways

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Introduction: Who Is a Coolie?

A coolie—also known as a railway porter—is a worker who carries passengers’ luggage at railway stations across India. Easily recognized by their red uniforms and headbands, coolies have been an essential part of the Indian Railways for over a century. But while trains modernize and stations expand, the lives of coolies remain stuck in the past—marked by physical labor, low income, and lack of recognition.

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History of Coolies in India

The coolie system originated during British colonial rule.

• The word coolie is believed to come from the Tamil word kuli, meaning "wages."

• British administrators formalized the porter system to manage growing rail traffic.

• Most early coolies came from marginalized communities, working in tough conditions for meager pay.

Today, their red coats have become iconic—but their struggles continue.

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Role of Coolies in Indian Railways

Coolies are more than just luggage carriers. They are:

• Station guides for first-time travelers.

• Emergency responders during accidents or medical events.

• Crucial support workers during festivals and peak traffic seasons.

Despite their value, most coolies are still not employed by Indian Railways directly. They operate under a license system and earn through negotiated fees with passengers.

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Daily Life of a Coolie

A coolie’s job involves:

• Carrying 30–70 kg of luggage across platforms and stairs.

• Working 10–14 hours a day.

• Standing for hours under the sun or rain.

• Earning ₹300–₹500 per day—often without breaks or job security.

Many coolies are second- or third-generation workers, with limited opportunities for alternative employment.

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Challenges Faced by Coolies in India

Despite their importance, coolies face multiple issues:

• No fixed salary or social benefits.

• No retirement plans or insurance.

• Health risks due to heavy lifting and poor working conditions.

• Lack of digital integration—while passengers go online, coolies remain offline.

During the COVID-19 lockdown, thousands of coolies lost their only source of income overnight.

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Coolies and Modernization of Railways

While Indian Railways is moving towards automation and smart stations, coolies risk being left behind.

Some recent efforts include:

• QR-code-based digital bookings for porters.

• Introduction of porter apps in select stations.

• Calls for better uniforms, ID cards, and training.

But large-scale policy changes are still lacking.

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Why Coolies Deserve Recognition

Coolies are frontline workers—not casual laborers. Their work ensures that India’s massive railway system functions smoothly for millions of passengers every day.

They deserve:

• Formal employment status.

• Health and retirement benefits.

• Respect from society and support from the government.

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Conclusion: Time for Change

Coolies have carried the nation—literally and symbolically—for generations. As India builds smarter stations and high-speed trains, it must also invest in the people who have kept the railways running for decades.

👉 Coolie in Indian Railways

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